Purging of untrustworthy recommendations from a grid

In grid computing, trust has massive significance. There is lot of research to propose various models in providing trusted resource sharing mechanisms. The trust is a belief or perception that various researchers have tried to correlate with some computational model. Trust on any entity can be direct or indirect. Direct trust is the impact of either first impression over the entity or acquired during some direct interaction. Indirect trust is the trust may be due to either reputation gained or recommendations received from various recommenders of a particular domain in a grid or any other domain outside that grid or outside that grid itself. Unfortunately, malicious indirect trust leads to the misuse of valuable resources of the grid. This paper proposes the mechanism of identifying and purging the untrustworthy recommendations in the grid environment. Through the obtained results, we show the way of purging of untrustworthy entities.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table published by IJNGN journal; International Journal of Next-Generation Networks (IJNGN) Vol.3, No.4, December 201

Mixed Layer Budget Terms on Acoustic Propagation A Study based on the Butterfly Track Experiment in the South Eastern Arabian Sea

A butterfly type of repeat track cruise was carried out in the South Eastern Arabian Sea (off Minicoy) onboard INS Sagardhwani during July 2016 to Aug 2016. We have also made use of the data from OMNI buoy, AD09, which is about 6 km close to the centre station of butterfly track. Air sea flux, the horizontal current data from AD09 and the time series data collected from the butterfly experiment were analyzed to compute the mixed layer heat and salt budget. The short-term thermo-haline variability off Minicoy, relative contribution of heat/salt budget terms in MLD and its effects on acoustic propagation are addressed in this paper. In this study, we found that most dominating term in the mixed layer heat budget estimation is net surface heat flux followed by the advective terms. However the salinity in the mixed layer is dominated by the contribution of buoyancy mixing due to night time evaporative cooling. During the calm, sunny day, the so-called afternoon effect due to the diurnal heating restricts the sonar range. But during the windy day, the wind/wave mixing prevents the warming of the surface layer which in turn enhances the sonar range. Similarly, the night time cooling also enhance the acoustic propagation range. The presence of Arabian Sea High Salinity Watermass in the surface layer also enhances the acoustic propagation

Intergeneric hybridization in pigeonpea. I. Effect of hormone treatments

Attempts to cross Cajanus cajan with Atylosia albicans, A. cajanifolia, A. grandifolia, A. mollis, A. platycarpa, A. sericea and A. volubilis resulted in varying degrees of success. Hormone treatment (gibberellic acid and kinetin) increased pod-set and the number of seeds per pod. Hormone treatment among the unsuccessful crosses delayed bud drop by 3–4 days, which prolonged ovule development. Our results indicate that treatment with hormones helps post-fertilization development and leads to improvement in the rate of crossing succes

Intergeneric hybridization in pigeonpea. II. Effect of cultivar on crossability and hybrid fertility

Eight species of Atylosia hybridized with Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. with varying degrees of success when Cajanus was the female parent. The cultivar of the Cajanus parent influenced both the species crossability and hybrid fertility. Variation in the extent of species crossability and hybrid fertility was less pronounced in Cajanus × Atylosia crosses involving Cajanus cultivars derived from a common female background

EFFICIENT SECRECY MAINTAINING CERTIFICATION SCHEME FOR VANET

Abstract VANET are one of the new promising techniques used to enable communication on roads. Here for VANETs an efficient secrecy maintaining authentication scheme is done .To detect anonymous authentication group signature is used widely used but in previous scheme it suffers from long computation delay in CRL (certificate revocation list) checking. It leads to a high message loss.so they cannot achieve the target of receiving 100 of messages per second.so HMAC is used here to avoid time consuming CRL checking and to ensure the integrity of messages before batch group authentication. To reduce authentication burden each vehicle needs to verify a small number of messages using cooperative message authentication among entities. Hence security and performance analysis shows that our scheme is more efficient in terms of authentication speed by keeping conditional privacy in VANETs. Thus the proposed scheme is analyzed through simulations in NS2 and proved to out performs the existing available techniques. Keywords-Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), CRL(Certificate Revocation List)HMAC(Hash Message Authentication Code),Cooperative Message Authentication. 1. Introduction In the advanced development of wireless communication technologies, car manufactures and telecom industries help to equip each vehicle with wireless devices. It allows vehicles to communicate with each other as well as with other vehicles network communication devices like road side units (RSU) and Trustedauthority (TA)etc. Generally a VANET consists of three components they are onboard units, Road side units and a central trusted authority. In VANET when vehicles communicate with each other and also with RSU and TA in which the attackers can easily get users private information such as identity, tracing etc. The reason is that they are not properly protected so we should design an efficiency secrecy maintaining authentication scheme for VANET. In previous scheme group signature is used for detecting unknown authentication so for which any group member allows to sign behalf of the group without reveling its real identity. So when a vehicle receives a message from unknown entity, a vehicle has to check the (certificate revocation list) CRL to avoid communicate with revoked vehicles. Also To verify the sender's group signature to check the validity of the received message. The problem here occurs is the time consuming for CRL checking because it takes 11ms to verify a message with a group signature and 9ms to check one identity in CRL. If n revoked number in CRL th number of messages verified in one second is 1000/9n+1 it is very smaller than the target of verifying 600.so we should try to overcome the delay caused by CRL checking and group signature verification to achieve rapid authentication. Thus an efficient privacy authentication scheme for VANET has been done through RSU by jointly using the techniques of distributed management, HMAC, group signature verification and cooperative authentication. First dividing the precinct into several domains so the system can run in a localized manner. Then HMAC is calculated with group key generated by the self-healing group-key generation algorithm which reduces time consuming CRL checking and ensure the integrity of messages before batch verification. Then cooperative message authentication is used to improve the message authentication scheme .By using these P.Anand Sateesh Kumar et al

Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries

FE Simulation of Control Surfaces with SMA Actuators for Small Size Aircrafts

In this study an attempt has been made to simulate the control surfaces, which has been equipped with SMA based actuating mechanism for deploying the trim tab, for a small scale aircraft. The existing elevator has been modified to incorporate the shape memory alloy (SMA) mechanism. Analysis of modified elevator with trim tab has been carried out using finite element method. Experimental investigation has also been carried out to validate the theoretical results by mounting the strain gauges in the elevator. The strains obtained from the theoretical study correlate reasonably well with the experimental data. The results of the study clearly show that the stress and strain field of elevator due to the SMA actuation is within the permissible limits

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF DIPLOCYCLOS PALMATUS FRUITS ON ALBINO MICE

Objective: The present study is preplanned to assess the antimicrobial and analgesic activity of the collected plants of Diplocyclos palmatus from Moinabad, Ranga Reddy, Telangana. Methods: In this study, D. palmatus fruits were used to gain the ethanolic extract and were tested for the phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus) and to compare its effect with the marketed standard streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and analgesic activity of plant was performed by tail clip, tails immersion, and radiant heat method. Results: The maximum zone of inhibition is shown in the Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) compared to standard and control. The ethanolic extract of D. palmatus fruits was shown analgesic activity and it was found to be more remarkable when compared to the standard aspirin and control. From the results of three different methods at different dose of ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg followed by 0–5 min interval up to 30 min), tail immersion method at 200 mg/kg dose of the D. palmatus fruits extract was achieved good results i.e., in 10 min (11.4 ± 1.93) and 15 min (13.4 ± 1.63). In tail clip method, 400 mg/kg dose is in 10 min (11 ± 1.67) and 15 min (10 ± 0.707) achieved best output, while same thing radiant heat method 200 mg/kg dose of the D. palmatus fruits extract is in 10 min (11.3 ± 1.67) and 15 min (14 ± 1.82) achieved outstanding results. Conclusion: The analgesic and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of D. palmatus fruits are more significant compared to the other part of D. palmatus. Hence, the study concludes that the plant is having both analgesic and antimicrobial activity, and therefore, it can be used for various therapeutic purposes and further analysis